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HIGH AVAILABILITY IT SERVICES
Título:
HIGH AVAILABILITY IT SERVICES
Subtítulo:
Autor:
CRITCHLEY, T
Editorial:
CRC
Año de edición:
2014
Materia
INFORMATICA EMPRESARIAL
ISBN:
978-1-4822-5590-4
Páginas:
537
85,50 €

 

Sinopsis

This book starts with the basic premise that a service is comprised of the 3Ps-products, processes, and people. Moreover, these entities and their sub-entities interlink to support the services that end users require to run and support a business. This widens the scope of any availability design far beyond hardware and software. It also increases the potential for service failure for reasons beyond just hardware and software; the concept of logical outages.

High Availability IT Services details the considerations for designing and running highly available ´services´ and not just the systems infrastructure that supports those services. Providing an overview of virtualization and cloud computing, it supplies a detailed look at availability, redundancy, fault tolerance, and security. It also stresses the importance of human factors.

The book starts off by providing an availability primer and detailing the reasons why you need to be concerned with high availability. Next, it outlines the theory of reliability and availability and the elements of actual practices in this high availability (HA) area, including Service Level Agreements (SLAs) and Change Management.

Examining what the major hardware and software vendors have to offer in the HA world, the book considers the ubiquitous world of clouds and virtualization as well as the availability considerations they present.

The book examines high availability concepts and architectures such as reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS); clusters; grids; and redundant arrays of independent disks (RAID) storage. It also covers the role of security in providing high availability, cluster offerings, emergent Linux clusters, online transaction processing (OLTP), and relational databases.



AN AVAILABILITY PRIMER

Preamble: A View from 30,000 Feet

Do You Know. . .?

Availability in Perspective

Murphy's Law of Availability

Availability Drivers in Flux: What Percentage of Business Is Critical?

Historical View of Availability: The First 7 × 24 Requirements?

Historical Availability Scenarios

Planar Technology

Power-On Self-Test

Other Diagnostics

Component Repair

In-Flight Diagnostics

Summary


Reliability and Availability

Introduction to Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability

RAS Moves Beyond Hardware

Availability: An Overview

Some Definitions

Quantitative Availability

Availability: 7 R's (SNIA)

Availability and Change

Change All around Us

Software: Effect of Change

Operations: Effect of Change

Monitoring and Change

Automation: The Solution?

Data Center Automation

Network Change/Configuration Automation

Automation Vendors

Types of Availability

Binary Availability

Duke of York Availability

Hierarchy of Failures

Hierarchy Example

State Parameters

Types of Nonavailability (Outages)

Logical Outage Examples

Summary

Planning for Availability and Recovery

Why Bother?

What Is a Business Continuity Plan?

What Is a BIA?

What Is DR?

Relationships: BC, BIA, and DR

Recovery Logistics

Business Continuity

Downtime: Who or What Is to Blame?

Elements of Failure: Interaction of the Wares

Summary

DR/BC Source Documents


Reliability: Background and Basics

Introduction

IT Structure-Schematic

IT Structure-Hardware Overview

Service Level Agreements

Service Level Agreements: The Dawn of Realism

What Is an SLA?

Why Is an SLA Important?

Service Life Cycle

Concept of User Service

Elements of Service Management

Introduction

Scope of Service Management

User Support

Operations Support

Systems Management

Service Management Hierarchy

The Effective Service

Services versus Systems

Availability Concepts

First Dip in the Water

Availability Parameters

Summary


What Is High Availability?

IDC and Availability

Availability Classification

Availability: Outage Analogy

A Recovery Analogy

Availability: Redundancy

Availability: Fault Tolerance

Sample List of Availability Requirements

System Architecture

Availability: Single Node

Dynamic Reconfiguration/Hot Repair of System Components

Disaster Backup and Recovery

System Administration Facilities

HA Costs Money So Why Bother?

Cost Impact Analysis

HA: Cost versus Benefit

Penalty for Nonavailability

Organizations: Attitude to HA

Aberdeen Group Study: February 2012

Outage Loss Factors (Percentage of Loss)

Software Failure Costs

Assessing the Cost of HA

Performance and Availability

HA Design: Top 10 Mistakes

The Development of HA

Servers

Systems and Subsystems Development

Production Clusters

Availability Architectures

RAS Features

Hot-Plug Hardware

Processors

Memory

Input/Output

Storage

Power/Cooling

Fault Tolerance

Outline of Server Domain Architecture

Introduction

Domain/LPAR Structure

Outline of Cluster Architecture

Cluster Configurations: Commercial Cluster

Cluster Components

Hardware

Software

Commercial LB

Commercial Performance

Commercial HA

HPC Clusters

Generic HPC Cluster

HPC Cluster: Oscar Configuration

HPC Cluster: Availability

HPC Cluster: Applications

HA in Scientific Computing

Topics in HPC Reliability: Summary

Errors in Cluster HA Design

Outline of Grid Computing

Grid Availability

Commercial Grid Computing

Outline of RAID Architecture

Origins of RAID

RAID Architecture and Levels

Hardware

Software

Hardware versus Software RAID

RAID Striping: Fundamental to RAID

RAID Configurations

RAID Components

ECC

Parity

RAID Level 0

RAID Level 1

RAID Level 3

RAID Level 5

RAID Level 6

RAID Level 10

RAID 0 + 1 Schematic

RAID 10 Schematic

RAID Level 30

RAID Level 50

RAID Level 51

RAID Level 60

RAID Level 100

Less Relevant RAID

RAID Level 2

RAID Level 4

RAID Level 7

Standard RAID Storage Efficiency

SSDs and RAID

SSD Longevity

Hybrid RAID: SSD and HDD

SSD References

Post-RAID Environment

Big Data: The Issue

Data Loss Overview

Big Data: Solutions?

Non-RAID RAID

Erasure Codes

RAID Successor Qualifications

EC Overview

EC Recovery Scope

Self-Healing Storage

Summary


AVAILABILITY THEORY AND PRACTICE

High Availability: Theory

Some Math

Guide to Reliability Graphs

Probability Density Function

Cumulative Distribution Function

Availability Probabilities

Lusser's Law

Availability Concepts

Hardware Reliability: The Bathtub Curve

Software Reliability: The Bathtub Curve

Simple Math of Availability

Availability

Nonavailability

Mean Time between Failures

Mean Time to Repair

Online Availability Tool

Availability Equation I: Time Factors in an Outage

Availability Equation II

Effect of Redundant Blocks on Availability

Parallel (Redundant) Compon