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MICROGRID TECHNOLOGIES
Título:
MICROGRID TECHNOLOGIES
Subtítulo:
Autor:
SHARMEELA, C
Editorial:
JOHN WILEY
Año de edición:
2021
ISBN:
978-1-119-71079-0
Páginas:
560
219,00 €

 

Sinopsis



Microgrid technology is an emerging area, and it has numerous advantages over the conventional power grid. A microgrid is defined as Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and interconnected loads with clearly defined electrical boundaries that act as a single controllable entity concerning the grid. Microgrid technology enables the connection and disconnection of the system from the grid. That is, the microgrid can operate both in grid-connected and islanded modes of operation. Microgrid technologies are an important part of the evolving landscape of energy and power systems.

Many aspects of microgrids are discussed in this volume, including, in the early chapters of the book, the various types of energy storage systems, power and energy management for microgrids, power electronics interface for AC & DC microgrids, battery management systems for microgrid applications, power system analysis for microgrids, and many others.

The middle section of the book presents the power quality problems in microgrid systems and its mitigations, gives an overview of various power quality problems and its solutions, describes the PSO algorithm based UPQC controller for power quality enhancement, describes the power quality enhancement and grid support through a solar energy conversion system, presents the fuzzy logic-based power quality assessments, and covers various power quality indices.

The final chapters in the book present the recent advancements in the microgrids, applications of Internet of Things (IoT) for microgrids, the application of artificial intelligent techniques, modeling of green energy smart meter for microgrids, communication networks for microgrids, and other aspects of microgrid technologies.

Valuable as a learning tool for beginners in this area as well as a daily reference for engineers and scientists working in the area of microgrids, this is a must-have for any library.




Table of contents

Foreword xxi

Acknowledgements xxiii

1 A Comprehensive Review on Energy Management in Micro-Grid System 1
Sanjay Kumar, R. K. Saket, P. Sanjeevikumar and Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Generation and Storage System in MicroGrid 6

1.2.1 Distributed Generation of Electrical Power 6

1.2.2 Incorporation of Electric Car in Micro-Grid as a Device for Backup 7

1.2.3 Power and Heat Integration in Management System 8

1.2.4 Combination of Heat and Electrical Power System 9

1.3 System of Energy Management 10

1.3.1 Classification of MSE 10

1.3.1.1 MSE Based on Conventional Sources 10

1.3.1.2 MSE Based on SSE 10

1.3.1.3 MSE Based on DSM 11

1.3.1.4 MSE Based on Hybrid System 11

1.3.2 Steps of MSE During Problem Solving 11

1.3.2.1 Prediction of Uncertain Parameters 12

1.3.2.2 Uncertainty Modeling 12

1.3.2.3 Mathematical Formulation 12

1.3.2.4 Optimization 13

1.3.3 Micro-Grid in Islanded Mode 13

1.3.3.1 Objective Functions and Constraints of System 13

1.3.4 Micro-Grid Operation in Grid-Connected Mode 14

1.3.4.1 Objective Functions and Constraints of the Systems 14

1.4 Algorithms Used in Optimizing Energy Management System 16

1.5 Conclusion 19

References 20

2 Power and Energy Management in Microgrid 25
Jayesh J. Joglekar

2.1 Introduction 25

2.2 Microgrid Structure 26

2.2.1 Selection of Source for DG 27

2.2.1.1 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) 27

2.2.1.2 Mathematical Modeling of PAFC Fuel Cell 27

2.3 Power Flow Management in Microgrid 31

2.4 Generalized Unified Power Flow Controller (GUPFC) 33

2.4.1 Mathematical Modeling of GUPFC 34

2.5 Active GUPFC 38

2.5.1 Active GUPFC Control System 39

2.5.1.1 Series Converter 40

2.5.1.2 Shunt Converter 42

2.5.2 Simulation of Active GUPFC With General Test System 43

2.5.3 Simulation of Active GUPFC With IEEE 9 Bus Test System 43

2.5.3.1 Test Case: 1-Without GUPFC and Without Fuel Cell 45

2.5.3.2 Test Case: 2-Without GUPFC and With Fuel Cell 47

2.5.3.3 Test Case: 3-With GUPFC and Without Fuel Cell 48

2.5.3.4 Test Case: 4-With GUPFC and With Fuel Cell 49

2.5.3.5 Test Case: 5-With Active GUPFC 49

2.5.4 Summary 52

2.6 Appendix General Test System 53

2.6.1 IEEE 9 Bus Test System 53

References 55

3 Review of Energy Storage System for Microgrid 57
G.V. Brahmendra Kumar and K. Palanisamy

3.1 Introduction 58

3.2 Detailed View of ESS 60

3.2.1 Configuration of ESS 60

3.2.2 Structure of ESS With Other Devices 60

3.2.3 ESS Classifications 62

3.3 Types of ESS 62

3.3.1 Mechanical ESS 62

3.3.2 Flywheel ESS 63

3.3.3 CAES System 64

3.3.4 PHS System 65

3.3.5 CES Systems 66

3.3.6 Hydrogen Energy Storage (HES) 67

3.3.7 Battery-Based ESS 68

3.3.8 Electrical Energy Storage (EES) System 71

3.3.8.1 Capacitors 71

3.3.8.2 Supercapacitors (SCs) 72

3.3.9 SMES 73

3.3.10 Thermal Energy Storage Systems (TESS) 74

3.3.10.1 SHS 75

3.3.10.2 Latent 75

3.3.10.3 Absorption 75

3.3.10.4 Hybrid ESS 76

3.4 Comparison of Current ESS on Large Scale 77

3.5 Importance of Storage in Modern Power Systems 77

3.5.1 Generation Balance and Fluctuation in Demand 77

3.5.2 Intermediate Penetration of Renewable Energy 77

3.5.3 Use of the Grid 80

3.5.4 Operations on the Market 80

3.5.5 Flexibility in Scheduling 80

3.5.6 Peak Shaving Support 80

3.5.7 Improve the Quality of Power 81

3.5.8 Carbon Emission Control 81

3.5.9 Improvement of Service Efficiency 81

3.5.10 Emergency Assistance and Support for Black Start 81

3.6 ESS Issues and Challenges 81

3.6.1 Selection of Materials 82

3.6.2 ESS Size and Cost 82

3.6.3 Energy Management System 83

3.6.4 Impact on the Environment 83

3.6.5 Issues of Safety 83

3.7 Conclusion 84

Acknowledgment 85

References 85

4 Single Phase Inverter Fuzzy Logic Phase Locked Loop 91
Maxwell Sibanyoni, S.P. Daniel Chowdhury and L.J. Ngoma

4.1 Introduction 91

4.2 PLL Synchronization Techniques 92

4.2.1 T/4 Transport Delay PLL 95

4.2.2 Inverse Park Transform PLL 96

4.2.3 Enhanced PLL 97

4.2.4 Second Order Generalized Integrator Orthogonal Signal Generator Synchronous Reference Frame (SOGI-OSG SRF) PLL 98

4.2.5 Cascaded Generalized Integrator PLL (CGI-PLL) 99

4.2.6 Cascaded Delayed Signal Cancellation PLL 100

4.3 Fuzzy Logic Control 101

4.4 Fuzzy Logic PLL Model 103

4.4.1 Fuzzification 103

4.4.2 Inference Engine 105

4.4.3 Defuzzification 108

4.5 Simulation and Analysis of Results 110

4.5.1 Test Signal Generator 110

4.5.2 Proposed SOGI FLC PLL Performance Under Fault Conditions 113

4.5.2.1 Test Case 1 113

4.5.2.2 Test Case 2 114

4.5.2.3 Test Case 3 115

4.5.2.4 Test Case 4 115

4.5.2.5 Test Case 5 116

4.5.2.6 Test Case 6 117

4.6 Conclusion 118

Acknowledgment 118

References 119

5 Power Electronics Interfaces in Microgrid Applications 121
Indrajit Sarkar

5.1 Introduction 122

5.2 Microgrid Classific